{
  "dataset": "Michigan nearby property-tax pairs",
  "description": "Nearby Michigan places with the largest primary-residence (PRE) millage gaps inside a shared school district, ranked. Pairs are screened from Census place centers (nearest neighbors within about 12 km), compared only where both places levy in the same district, floored at 3 mills, and capped at 50. Proximity does not prove a shared municipal border.",
  "publisher": "Michigan Porch",
  "url": "https://michiganporch.com/data/v1/boundary-pairs.json",
  "source": {
    "label": "Michigan Treasury 2025 Total Property Tax Rates report + U.S. Census place centroids",
    "href": "https://www.michigan.gov/taxes/-/media/Project/Websites/taxes/4029/Total-Rates-Reports/2025-Total-Rates.pdf"
  },
  "vintage": "2025 Michigan Treasury Total Property Tax Rates",
  "lastUpdated": "2026-07-31",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "attribution": "Data: Michigan Porch (michiganporch.com) — CC BY 4.0",
  "attributionUrl": "https://michiganporch.com/data/?utm_source=dataset&utm_medium=attribution&utm_campaign=boundary-pairs",
  "citeAs": "Michigan Porch, \"Michigan nearby property-tax pairs\" (2025 Michigan Treasury Total Property Tax Rates). https://michiganporch.com/data/v1/boundary-pairs.json. CC BY 4.0. Underlying figures: Michigan Treasury 2025 Total Property Tax Rates report + U.S. Census place centroids.",
  "fields": [
    {
      "name": "hi",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Object: the higher-rate place — slug, name, county, type, pre (mills), nonHomestead (mills), population."
    },
    {
      "name": "lo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Object: the lower-rate place, same shape as hi."
    },
    {
      "name": "sharedDistrict",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The school district both places levy inside — the control that isolates the municipal difference."
    },
    {
      "name": "deltaMills",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "PRE millage gap between the two places inside the shared district."
    },
    {
      "name": "deltaDollars300k",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "The gap in dollars per year on a $300,000 purchase (Taxable Value $150,000)."
    },
    {
      "name": "distanceKm",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "Distance between the two place centers, kilometers."
    },
    {
      "name": "combinedPopulation",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "Both places' Census population estimates, summed."
    }
  ],
  "rowCount": 50,
  "data": [
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "lansing-mi-ingham",
        "name": "Lansing",
        "county": "Ingham",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 66.162,
        "nonHomestead": 80.3936,
        "population": 114336
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "windsor-township-mi",
        "name": "Windsor Township",
        "county": "Eaton",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 39.4336,
        "nonHomestead": 53.6652,
        "population": 7171
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "WAVERLY SCHOOLS",
      "deltaMills": 26.7284,
      "deltaDollars300k": 4009,
      "distanceKm": 12,
      "combinedPopulation": 121507
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "lansing-mi-ingham",
        "name": "Lansing",
        "county": "Ingham",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 64.1734,
        "nonHomestead": 82.1734,
        "population": 114336
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "dewitt-township-mi",
        "name": "Dewitt Township",
        "county": "Clinton",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 37.9565,
        "nonHomestead": 55.9565,
        "population": 15398
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "EAST LANSING SCHOOL D",
      "deltaMills": 26.2169,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3933,
      "distanceKm": 11.8,
      "combinedPopulation": 129734
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "southfield-mi",
        "name": "Southfield",
        "county": "Oakland",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 51.8496,
        "nonHomestead": 65.229,
        "population": 76874
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "southfield-township-mi",
        "name": "Southfield Township",
        "county": "Oakland",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 25.6381,
        "nonHomestead": 39.0175,
        "population": 14810
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "BIRMINGHAM CITY SCHO",
      "deltaMills": 26.2115,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3932,
      "distanceKm": 0,
      "combinedPopulation": 91684
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "marshall-mi",
        "name": "Marshall",
        "county": "Calhoun",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 54.2637,
        "nonHomestead": 72.093,
        "population": 6802
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "convis-township-mi",
        "name": "Convis Township",
        "county": "Calhoun",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 29.1389,
        "nonHomestead": 46.9682,
        "population": 1528
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "MARSHALL PUBLIC SCHO",
      "deltaMills": 25.1248,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3769,
      "distanceKm": 9.2,
      "combinedPopulation": 8330
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "clare-mi-isabella",
        "name": "Clare",
        "county": "Isabella",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 45.9134,
        "nonHomestead": 63.9134,
        "population": 3293
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "sheridan-township-mi-clare",
        "name": "Sheridan Township",
        "county": "Clare",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 20.9585,
        "nonHomestead": 38.9585,
        "population": 1621
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "CLARE PUBLIC SCHOOLS",
      "deltaMills": 24.9549,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3743,
      "distanceKm": 9.5,
      "combinedPopulation": 4914
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "lansing-mi-eaton",
        "name": "Lansing",
        "county": "Eaton",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 58.2445,
        "nonHomestead": 76.2445,
        "population": 114336
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "benton-township-mi-eaton",
        "name": "Benton Township",
        "county": "Eaton",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 33.6147,
        "nonHomestead": 51.6147,
        "population": 2774
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "GRAND LEDGE PUBLIC SC",
      "deltaMills": 24.6298,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3694,
      "distanceKm": 11.4,
      "combinedPopulation": 117110
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "ypsilanti-mi",
        "name": "Ypsilanti",
        "county": "Washtenaw",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 63.2948,
        "nonHomestead": 81.2948,
        "population": 20150
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "superior-township-mi-washtenaw",
        "name": "Superior Township",
        "county": "Washtenaw",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 38.6998,
        "nonHomestead": 56.6998,
        "population": 14992
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "YPSILANTI SCHOOL DISTR",
      "deltaMills": 24.595,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3689,
      "distanceKm": 10.1,
      "combinedPopulation": 35142
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "leslie-mi",
        "name": "Leslie",
        "county": "Ingham",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 50.2428,
        "nonHomestead": 68.2428,
        "population": 1936
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "rives-township-mi",
        "name": "Rives Township",
        "county": "Jackson",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 25.8883,
        "nonHomestead": 43.8883,
        "population": 4809
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "LESLIE PUBLIC SCHOOLS",
      "deltaMills": 24.3545,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3653,
      "distanceKm": 8.1,
      "combinedPopulation": 6745
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "leslie-mi",
        "name": "Leslie",
        "county": "Ingham",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 50.2428,
        "nonHomestead": 68.2428,
        "population": 1936
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "tompkins-township-mi",
        "name": "Tompkins Township",
        "county": "Jackson",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 26.0321,
        "nonHomestead": 44.0321,
        "population": 2657
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "LESLIE PUBLIC SCHOOLS",
      "deltaMills": 24.2107,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3632,
      "distanceKm": 11.8,
      "combinedPopulation": 4593
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "lansing-mi-eaton",
        "name": "Lansing",
        "county": "Eaton",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 62.234,
        "nonHomestead": 80.234,
        "population": 114336
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "windsor-township-mi",
        "name": "Windsor Township",
        "county": "Eaton",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 38.3794,
        "nonHomestead": 56.3794,
        "population": 7171
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "HOLT PUBLIC SCHOOLS",
      "deltaMills": 23.8546,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3578,
      "distanceKm": 5.7,
      "combinedPopulation": 121507
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "linden-mi",
        "name": "Linden",
        "county": "Genesee",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 45.9297,
        "nonHomestead": 63.9297,
        "population": 4185
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "tyrone-township-mi-livingston",
        "name": "Tyrone Township",
        "county": "Livingston",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 22.1388,
        "nonHomestead": 40.1388,
        "population": 12212
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "LINDEN COMM SCHOOL DI",
      "deltaMills": 23.7909,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3569,
      "distanceKm": 9.5,
      "combinedPopulation": 16397
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "albion-mi",
        "name": "Albion",
        "county": "Calhoun",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 48.5632,
        "nonHomestead": 66.3925,
        "population": 7494
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "concord-township-mi",
        "name": "Concord Township",
        "county": "Jackson",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 24.8362,
        "nonHomestead": 42.6655,
        "population": 2754
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "MARSHALL SD (ALBION D",
      "deltaMills": 23.727,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3559,
      "distanceKm": 9.5,
      "combinedPopulation": 10248
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "roseville-mi",
        "name": "Roseville",
        "county": "Macomb",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 55.1014,
        "nonHomestead": 73.1014,
        "population": 47047
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "clinton-township-mi-macomb",
        "name": "Clinton Township",
        "county": "Macomb",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 31.3747,
        "nonHomestead": 49.3747,
        "population": 101359
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "FRASER PUBLIC SCHOOL",
      "deltaMills": 23.7267,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3559,
      "distanceKm": 8.9,
      "combinedPopulation": 148406
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "durand-mi",
        "name": "Durand",
        "county": "Shiawassee",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 52.7625,
        "nonHomestead": 70.7625,
        "population": 3483
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "shiawassee-township-mi",
        "name": "Shiawassee Township",
        "county": "Shiawassee",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 29.2672,
        "nonHomestead": 47.2672,
        "population": 2736
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "DURAND AREA SCHOOLS",
      "deltaMills": 23.4953,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3524,
      "distanceKm": 9.2,
      "combinedPopulation": 6219
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "lathrup-village-mi",
        "name": "Lathrup Village",
        "county": "Oakland",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 54.0342,
        "nonHomestead": 64.6942,
        "population": 4067
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "southfield-township-mi",
        "name": "Southfield Township",
        "county": "Oakland",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 30.8086,
        "nonHomestead": 41.4686,
        "population": 14810
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "SOUTHFIELD PUBLIC SCH",
      "deltaMills": 23.2256,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3484,
      "distanceKm": 3.2,
      "combinedPopulation": 18877
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "albion-mi",
        "name": "Albion",
        "county": "Calhoun",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 48.5632,
        "nonHomestead": 66.3925,
        "population": 7494
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "parma-township-mi",
        "name": "Parma Township",
        "county": "Jackson",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 25.5534,
        "nonHomestead": 43.3827,
        "population": 2643
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "MARSHALL SD (ALBION D",
      "deltaMills": 23.0098,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3451,
      "distanceKm": 9.2,
      "combinedPopulation": 10137
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "mount-clemens-mi",
        "name": "Mount Clemens",
        "county": "Macomb",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 49.1191,
        "nonHomestead": 66.5418,
        "population": 15480
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "chesterfield-township-mi",
        "name": "Chesterfield Township",
        "county": "Macomb",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 26.2405,
        "nonHomestead": 43.6632,
        "population": 47119
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "L ANSE CREUSE PUBLIC S",
      "deltaMills": 22.8786,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3432,
      "distanceKm": 10.9,
      "combinedPopulation": 62599
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "fenton-mi-genesee",
        "name": "Fenton",
        "county": "Genesee",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 44.6725,
        "nonHomestead": 62.6725,
        "population": 11882
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "fenton-mi-livingston",
        "name": "Fenton",
        "county": "Livingston",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 21.7954,
        "nonHomestead": 39.7954,
        "population": 11882
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "FENTON AREA PUBLIC SC",
      "deltaMills": 22.8771,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3432,
      "distanceKm": 2.6,
      "combinedPopulation": 23764
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "durand-mi",
        "name": "Durand",
        "county": "Shiawassee",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 52.7625,
        "nonHomestead": 70.7625,
        "population": 3483
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "venice-township-mi",
        "name": "Venice Township",
        "county": "Shiawassee",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 29.9206,
        "nonHomestead": 47.9206,
        "population": 2437
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "DURAND AREA SCHOOLS",
      "deltaMills": 22.8419,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3426,
      "distanceKm": 9.7,
      "combinedPopulation": 5920
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "benton-harbor-mi",
        "name": "Benton Harbor",
        "county": "Berrien",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 44.0007,
        "nonHomestead": 62.0007,
        "population": 8848
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "hagar-township-mi",
        "name": "Hagar Township",
        "county": "Berrien",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 21.1679,
        "nonHomestead": 39.1679,
        "population": 3180
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "BENTON HARBOR AREA S",
      "deltaMills": 22.8328,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3425,
      "distanceKm": 10.2,
      "combinedPopulation": 12028
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "linden-mi",
        "name": "Linden",
        "county": "Genesee",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 45.9297,
        "nonHomestead": 63.9297,
        "population": 4185
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "deerfield-township-mi-livingston",
        "name": "Deerfield Township",
        "county": "Livingston",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 23.1535,
        "nonHomestead": 41.1535,
        "population": 4103
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "LINDEN COMM SCHOOL DI",
      "deltaMills": 22.7762,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3416,
      "distanceKm": 11.3,
      "combinedPopulation": 8288
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "benton-harbor-mi",
        "name": "Benton Harbor",
        "county": "Berrien",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 46.6849,
        "nonHomestead": 64.6849,
        "population": 8848
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "royalton-township-mi",
        "name": "Royalton Township",
        "county": "Berrien",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 24.1285,
        "nonHomestead": 42.1285,
        "population": 5168
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "ST JOSEPH PUBLIC SCHO",
      "deltaMills": 22.5564,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3383,
      "distanceKm": 10.8,
      "combinedPopulation": 14016
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "lansing-mi-ingham",
        "name": "Lansing",
        "county": "Ingham",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 66.162,
        "nonHomestead": 80.3936,
        "population": 114336
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "delta-township-mi",
        "name": "Delta Township",
        "county": "Eaton",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 43.6103,
        "nonHomestead": 57.8419,
        "population": 33211
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "WAVERLY SCHOOLS",
      "deltaMills": 22.5517,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3383,
      "distanceKm": 9.2,
      "combinedPopulation": 147547
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "watervliet-mi",
        "name": "Watervliet",
        "county": "Berrien",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 45.3931,
        "nonHomestead": 63.3931,
        "population": 1707
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "bainbridge-township-mi",
        "name": "Bainbridge Township",
        "county": "Berrien",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 22.8749,
        "nonHomestead": 40.8749,
        "population": 2638
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "WATERVLIET SCHOOL DIS",
      "deltaMills": 22.5182,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3378,
      "distanceKm": 8.4,
      "combinedPopulation": 4345
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "ironwood-mi",
        "name": "Ironwood",
        "county": "Gogebic",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 51.4251,
        "nonHomestead": 69.2559,
        "population": 4938
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "ironwood-township-mi",
        "name": "Ironwood Township",
        "county": "Gogebic",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 28.9137,
        "nonHomestead": 46.7445,
        "population": 2195
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "IRONWOOD AREA SCHOO",
      "deltaMills": 22.5114,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3377,
      "distanceKm": 0,
      "combinedPopulation": 7133
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "clare-mi-clare",
        "name": "Clare",
        "county": "Clare",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 43.337,
        "nonHomestead": 61.337,
        "population": 3293
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "sheridan-township-mi-clare",
        "name": "Sheridan Township",
        "county": "Clare",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 20.9585,
        "nonHomestead": 38.9585,
        "population": 1621
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "CLARE PUBLIC SCHOOLS",
      "deltaMills": 22.3785,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3357,
      "distanceKm": 8.3,
      "combinedPopulation": 4914
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "durand-mi",
        "name": "Durand",
        "county": "Shiawassee",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 52.7625,
        "nonHomestead": 70.7625,
        "population": 3483
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "vernon-township-mi-shiawassee",
        "name": "Vernon Township",
        "county": "Shiawassee",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 30.5283,
        "nonHomestead": 48.5283,
        "population": 4316
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "DURAND AREA SCHOOLS",
      "deltaMills": 22.2342,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3335,
      "distanceKm": 0.2,
      "combinedPopulation": 7799
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "oak-park-mi",
        "name": "Oak Park",
        "county": "Oakland",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 59.4486,
        "nonHomestead": 77.4486,
        "population": 29402
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "royal-oak-township-mi",
        "name": "Royal Oak Township",
        "county": "Oakland",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 37.2947,
        "nonHomestead": 55.2947,
        "population": 2348
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "FERNDALE CITY SCHOOL",
      "deltaMills": 22.1539,
      "deltaDollars300k": 3323,
      "distanceKm": 2.3,
      "combinedPopulation": 31750
    },
    {
      "hi": {
        "slug": "fenton-mi-genesee",
        "name": "Fenton",
        "county": "Genesee",
        "type": "city",
        "pre": 44.6725,
        "nonHomestead": 62.6725,
        "population": 11882
      },
      "lo": {
        "slug": "tyrone-township-mi-livingston",
        "name": "Tyrone Township",
        "county": "Livingston",
        "type": "township",
        "pre": 22.6336,
        "nonHomestead": 40.6336,
        "population": 12212
      },
      "sharedDistrict": "FENTON AREA PUBLIC SC",
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        "population": 8231
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      "lo": {
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      "lo": {
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      "lo": {
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}